Sustainability Assessment Using Life Cycle Analysis Applied to the Structural and Aerodynamic Design of a Prototype Vehicle
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Abstract
The automotive industry currently faces the challenge of reducing the environmental impact associated with vehicle manufacturing and operation processes, driving the development of methodologies focused on sustainable design and the optimization of material use. In this context, this study evaluated the environmental performance of the structural and aerodynamic components of a prototype vehicle by applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, using SolidWorks Sustainability as the computational tool. The research was conducted using a “Cradle to Grave” approach, considering the stages of raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, use, and final disposal. Two structural configurations for the main chassis were compared: ASTM A36/A500 structural steel and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Additionally, the environmental impacts generated by the vehicle’s aerodynamic elements were analyzed. The results showed that the use of 6061-T6 aluminum significantly reduced structural weight and lowered energy consumption during the vehicle’s operational phase, contributing positively to the reduction of CO₂ equivalent emissions. Furthermore, the environmental analysis revealed significant differences in indicators related to carbon footprint, atmospheric acidification, and cumulative energy demand.
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